Analysis of Things Fall Apart Essay -- Chinua Achebe

Different countries have people that hold many different views and beliefs. In Nigeria the Igbo area is located in the southern area of the country. And within this area is Umuofia, which is where the Ogidi tribe lives. These people have beliefs that rest strongly on religion and faith in god. "Things Fall Apart" by Chinua Achebe takes a look at the life of an African tribe that has been isolated from the outer more technologically advanced world where science has become a part of religion proving that certain things live sickness are not caused by evil spirits. But the African tribe has no knowledge of this and they live in a society where there traditions, beliefs and there forms of communication differ from are own. In Umuofia, traditions are an important part of their lives. They celebrate festival that has been celebrated by their people for hundreds of years. ?The feast of the New Yam was held every year before the harvest began, to honor the earth goddess and the ancestral spirits of the clan?. They beliefs were that if they prayed to the earth goddess she would give them a good season to grow their crops. They had other traditions in their tribe, like the process you must follow to marry. After coming to the ugi they would bid for the price of the woman in broomsticks because they felt that talking with cowries was insulting to the woman because it was like buying something at the market. ?. Akueke?s bride price was finally settled at twenty bags of cowries?. This tribe believed that the groom must pay to have his wife, which is how they had always done it. To be successful in Umuofia you want to, have many wives and many kids and have many barns full of yams and have titles with the clan. Okonkwo was one of the w... ...e had such a temper he would beat them. And because of his pride he would never stop until he was done beating them. Okonkwo had a very tough personality and was known through out the land as being a fierce fighter who had claimed five heads of his opponents. This culture really varies from ours in many ways because of the ways they communicate is so different from how we would ever consider doing here. The Igbo tribe has values beliefs and ideas that are strongly rooted in the gods. The way in which they communicate and interact shows a lack of respect towards woman and they are treated like slaves to men. Achebe?s novel ?Things Fall Apart? gives a good insight into the aspects a of a culture that before him had never need explored, and it gives the reader a good look at what the beliefs, values and the way the members of the community communicate and interact.

Approximately

Chapter 9 1)Approximately how much water do you need each day to stay healthy? Water constitutes 50% to 70% of the human body. Its unique chemical properties enable it to dissolve substances as well as serve as medium for chemical reactions, temperature regulation and lubrication (found in the knees and other joints of the body); it also aids in regulating the acid base balance in the body. It helps remove waste from the body and is the basis for saliva, bile and amniotic fluid. It is clear that obtaining the proper daily intake of water is extremely important.For adults daily water needs are estimated at 2. 7 liters (11 cups) for adult women to 3. 7 liters (15 cups) for adult men, total water is a combination of fluids and food. For fluid alone this corresponds to at 2. 2 liters of water (9 cups) for women to 3 liters water (13 cups) for men per day. (Fluid intake does not have to be derived from water alone). Identify at least two situations that increase the need for water. ?Dehyd ration: Dehydration is triggered after the loss of water due to illness and drinking alcohol.The following are signs of the early stages of dehydration: dry mouth and lips, difficulty concentrating, dizziness, headache, elevated heart rate and fatigue. ?Thirst: If you do not drink enough water your brain lets you know by signaling thirst. Your brain communicates the need to drink. Thirst mechanism can lag behind actual water loss after a prolonged exercise and illness, as well as in older people. Children that are ill especially those with fever, diarrhea, vomiting and increased perspiration should be encouraged to take in adequate fluids.Then list three sources of water in the average person’s diet. ?Liquids: Beverages that we consume, such as water, milk, coffee, tea, soda and fruit juices. Beer and wine are also considered forms of water however – these should be consumed within healthy daily guidelines (2 for men and 1 for women). Plain water is considered by many experts to be the best source as it provides water intake without adding any calories – even though it doesn’t provide any other nutrients. ?Foods: Much of the food we consume has water.Many fruits and vegetables are more than 80% water. ?Metabolic Water: Water as a byproduct of metabolism. 2)What is the relationship with sodium and water balance, and how is that relationship monitored as well as maintained in the body? Sodium is the major positive ion found outside cells and is essential to fluid balance and nerve impulse balance. The North American diet provides abundant sodium through processed foods and table salt. Table salt is chemically known as sodium chloride, it is 40% sodium and 60% chloride.The human body absorbs almost all sodium consumed. Once absorbed it becomes the major positive ion found outside of cells in extracellular fluid and is a key factor in retaining body water. Fluid balance throughout the body depends partly on the variation of sodium and o ther ion concentrations among the water containing components in the body. Sodium ions also function in nerve impulse conduction and absorption of nutrients like glucose. Both deficiency and toxicity can occur with sodium; the greater concern lies with toxicity.Sodium deficiency is less common than excess sodium since it is so readily available in the diet; many health problems can occur when either happens. Kidneys are essential for regulating the volume and composition of bodily fluids. Water balance is achieved by ensuring that the amount of water consumed and generated by metabolism equals the amount of water excreted by the body. Consumption side is regulated by behavioral mechanisms which include thirst and salt cravings. Urine is produced not only to eliminate cellular waste products, but also to control the amount and composition of extracellular fluid.Controlling the amount of water and sodium as well as other chemicals is essential to life – our body controls this b y producing various amounts of urine so that we can conserve water and chemicals when short in supply. Too much or too little water and/or salt in our bodies is dangerous. Therefore the amount of water and salt excreted in urine and the amount of urine excreted is adjusted to meet the needs of the body. 3)Identify four factors that influence the bioavailability of minerals from food. Food supplies us with many minerals, but the way in which our bodies are able to absorb them varies.The degree to which ingested nutrient is absorbed from food sources and is available to our body is called bioavailability. The bioavailability of minerals depends on many factors. The mineral content listed in food composition table for amount of a mineral in a food is just a starting point for estimating the actual contribution the food will make to our mineral needs. For example spinach contains much calcium but only 5% can be absorbed because of the vegetables high concentration of oxalic acid, a calc ium binder. Usually 25% of calcium is absorbed by adults.Minerals from animal products are absorbed better as binders such as fiber in plant foods are not present to hinder absorption. The mineral content of plants greatly depends on mineral concentrations of the soil in which they are grown. Refined plant food has a lower content of minerals. Four factors that influence bioavailability of minerals from food are outlined below: ? Fiber -Mineral Interactions: Components of fiber, particularly phytic acid in grain fiber can limit absorption of some minerals by binding to them. Oxalic acid is another substance in plants that binds minerals and makes them less bioavailable.High-fiber diets can decrease the absorption of iron, zinc and possibly other minerals. ?Mineral-Mineral Interaction: Many mineral, such as magnesium, calcium, iron and copper are of similar sizes and the same electrical charge causes these minerals to compete with each other for absorption, and therefore they affect each other’s bioavailability. An excess of one mineral decrease the absorption and metabolism of other minerals. ?Vitamin-Mineral Interaction: Many beneficial vitamin-mineral interactions occur during nutrient absorption and metabolism.When consumed in conjunction with Vitamin C, absorption of certain forms of iron such as that in plant products improves. The active Vitamin D hormone improves calcium absorption. Many vitamins require specific minerals to act as components in their structure and functions. ?Mineral Toxicities: An excessive mineral intake, particularly of trace minerals (such as iron and copper) can have toxic results. For many trace minerals the gap between just enough and too much is quite small. Using mineral supplements should be closely monitored and should not exceed any upper level set on a term basis.The potential for toxicity is not the only reason to carefully consider the use of mineral supplements – there can also be harmful interactions with other nutrients, as well as the possibility of the supplements being contaminated. 5) In terms of total amounts in the body, calcium and phosphorous are the first and second most abundant minerals, respectively. What functions do these minerals have in common? Approximately 99% of calcium is found in the bones. In addition to its critical role in bones, it also functions in blood clotting muscle contraction, nerve-impulse transmission and cell metabolism.Calcium requires a slightly acid PH and the Vitamin D hormone for efficient absorption. Calcium deficiency is a major factor in osteoporosis. Approximately 85% of the body’s phosphorus is found in the bones – the remainder is found in the bloodstream and functions inside cells. Phosphorus is a component of enzymes, other key compounds, DNA, cell membrane and bone. The body efficiently absorbs phosphorus at about 70% of dietary intake. The high absorption rate and the availability of phosphorus in foods makes this mine ral less important than calcium in dietary planning.The active Vitamin D enhances absorption. Although there is currently no specific disease associated with inadequate phosphorus intake, a deficiency may contribute to bone loss in older women. The functions that these two minerals have in common are that they are both critical to good bone health, have a cell function of sorts, the majority of each is found in the bones, and Vitamin D enhances the absorption of both. ? Chapter 10 1)How does greater physical fitness contribute to better overall health? Explain the process. Physical fitness has many health benefits.Physical fitness refers to the ability to perform moderate to vigorous activity without undue fatigue. The benefits of regular physical activity include, less injury, better sleep habits, reduced blood pressure, increased cardiovascular function and improved blood lipid profiles, aids in weight control/loss, increases muscle mass and strength, improves GI tract peristalsis , slows aging process, reduces risk of certain cancers, improves immune function, increases flexibility and balance, reduces stress and improves self-image, improves blood glucose, and strengthens bones and joints.Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommends that all adults should be active to some extent – some activity is better than none. The Physical Activity Guidelines set specific time goals for adults – they are outlined below: ? For substantial health benefits, adults should do at least 150 minutes a week or moderate-intensity activity or 75 minutes of a week of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity or an equivalent combination of moderate and vigorous intensity aerobic activity. For additional health benefits, adults should increase aerobic activity to 300 minutes a week or moderate-intensity activity or 150 minutes of a week of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity or an equivalent combination of moderate and vigorous intensity aerobic activity. ?Adults should also include muscle strengthening activities that involve all major muscle groups at least two days a week. ?In order to stay with an exercise program the following are recommended: oStart slow oVary activities, make it fun oInclude friends and family Set specific and attainable goals and monitor progress oSet aside a specific time each day for exercise oReward yourself for keeping up with your goals oDon’t worry about occasional setbacks; keep focus on long-term health goals. 2)You have set a goal to increase muscle mass and decrease body fat. Plan a weekly fitness regime, specifying activity types, frequency, intensity, duration, and progression. Commitment is an important step in participating in a physical fitness program and is the first step in putting together a weekly fitness regimen.There are three main components to a good plan that will decrease body fat and increase muscle mass; aerobic, stretching/flexibility, and strength training. ?Aero bic: Aerobic exercise focuses on improving cardiorespiratory and cardiovascular health. oActivities: Walking, running, hiking, cycling, basketball, tennis, soccer, elliptical trainer, etc. o Duration: 20 to 60 minutes. oIntensity: 55% to 90% maximum heart rate or RPE of 4 or above. oFrequency: 5 days a week oProgression: Initiation Phase 3 to 6 weeks/Improvement Phase 5 to 6 months/Maintenance Phase plateau in gains in fitness. Stretching/Flexibility: Focuses on stretching muscles in an effort to maintain and increase mobility. oActivities: Yoga and stretching o Duration: 4 repetitions of 10 to 30 seconds per muscle group oFrequency: 2 to 3 days a week and during warm-up and cool down oIntensity: 5 to 10 minutes during warm-up and cool down oProgression: Start with smaller muscle groups (arms) and work toward large muscle groups (legs) ?Strength: Focuses on increasing or maintaining muscle mass through resistance exercise. oActivities: Weight lifting, Pilates, push-ups and ull-ups o Duration: 8 to 12 repetitions of 8 to 10 to different exercises oFrequency: 2 to 3 days a week oIntensity: Enough to condition major muscle groups of the upper and lower body. 3)How are carbohydrates, fat and protein used to supply energy during a 100-meter sprint, during a weight lifting session, during a 3-mile walk? Nutrients are converted to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) base on intensity and duration of any activity. Carbohydrates are the main nutrient for fueling exercise of moderate to high intensity, and fat providing energy during low intensity exercises.For example, fat is a great fuel for endurance events, but would not be good for 100-meter sprint. If exercising at a low intensity (50% of the max heart rate) you would have enough stored fat to fuel activity for hours or days as long as their sufficient oxygen to allow fat metabolism to occur. As the intensity of exercise increases, carbohydrate metabolism takes over. While it is more efficient than fat metabolism it has limited energy stores. This stored carbohydrate can fuel about two hours of moderate to high level exercise.One could continue with moderate to high intensity for longer by replenishing carbohydrate stores during exercise. If carbohydrates are not restored you will have to reduce your intensity and draw energy from fat. As exercise intensity continues to increase, carbohydrate metabolism efficiency drops and anaerobic metabolism kicks in – because the body can’t take in and distribute oxygen quickly enough to metabolism carbs or fat easily. Low amounts of protein are metabolized during all levels of exercise – slightly more in endurance exercise especially when carbohydrate fuel has been depleted.

The Hallmarks Of A Stem Cell - 1217 Words

The hallmarks of a stem cell are its ability to self-renew as well as its ability to differentiate and assume almost any cell fate if given the appropriate cues known as pluripotency (ref). The differentiation of stem cells requires large and rapid changes in gene expression. miRNAs are well suited to carry out this task through their ability to simultaneously inhibit the translation of several target genes allowing for coordinated control of cellular processes{Bartel:2009fh}. Furthermore, miRNAs have been shown to regulate embryonic development in addition to their role in regulating stem cell fate{Stefani:2008bw}. Evidence for this comes from experimental studies where the overall function of the miRNA biogenesis pathway was evaluated through genetic deletion of the miRNA processing enzymes DICER, DGCR8, Drosha, and AGO2. DICER knockout mice die at early stages of embryogenesis and fail to express the stem cell marker Oct4 and primitive streak marker T (brachyury), which respe ctively indicate a loss of stem cells and arrested development during gastrulation{Bernstein:2003dp}. Furthermore, DICER-deficient mouse ES cells are viable but incapable of differentiation, showing severe proliferation defects{Kanellopoulou:2005kf, Murchison:2005fa}. Similarly, DGCR8 knockout mice arrest early in development{Wang:2007gb}. DGCR8-deficient mouse ES cells also exhibit a proliferation defect and cannot efficiently silence the ES cell program, although these defects are not asShow MoreRelatedCancer : An Uncontrollable Division Of Cells1467 Words   |  6 Pagesdescribed as an uncontrollable division of cells. According to the National Cancer Institute, cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world, with an estimated 595,690 deaths and 1,685,210 new cases in 2016 alone (NIH 2015). Cancer can develop from almost every organ of the body, with the most common organs affected being the breasts, lungs, prostate, colon, and bladder (NIH 2015). As the disease p rogresses, it may become metastatic, where the cancer cells migrate from their point of origin toRead MoreHuman Neural Stem Cell Tropism857 Words   |  4 PagesARTICLE TITLE: Human Neural Stem Cell Tropism to Metastatic Breast Cancer ESSAY TITLE: The Investigation of a therapeutic implication on metastatic breast cancer with a specialized human neural stem cell that is programed to secrete carboxylesterase combined with activated form of an ionotecan by targeting a specific tumor site and major cytokine involved in mediating susceptibility of neural stem cells to breast cancer cells. SCIENTIFIC SUMMARY: Metastatic Breast Cancer is characterized as aRead MoreInhibitory Effects Of Psoriasis In Mice797 Words   |  4 Pageschose to provide a summary of was one that examined the use of stem cells in order to decrease psoriasis in mice. The researchers specifically used Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are those found in the umbilical cord blood. They are multipotent and therefore are able to differentiate into many different types of tissues. These stem cells, in particular, have an â€Å"inhibitory effects on innate and adaptive immune cells† (Lee). The hallmark of a diagnosis of Psoriasis is the visible skin irritationRead MoreOverview Of Embryonic Stem Cells771 Words   |  4 PagesStem cells play a fundamental role during all stages of development and have the potential to study and treat disease (Spitalieri et al., 2016). Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are pluripotent cells that emerge from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst and can give rise to various cell types (Lian g and Zhang, 2013). Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) have similar characteristics but are derived from adult differentiated somatic tissue (Liang and Zhang, 2013). This review will briefly compare ESC andRead MoreCell Abscission : The Final Step Of Cytokinesis1505 Words   |  7 Pages3.2 Cell abscission: the final step of cytokinesis After the division of nuclear membrane following duplicated chromosome segregation, in eukaryotic cell division, cytokinesis is carried out to divide a single cell into two daughter cells25. The process begins with the construction of a cleavage furrow intervened with actomyosin ring contraction3. The spindle midzone formed during anaphase gets transformed into intercellular bridge also known as the midbody responsible for connecting two new formingRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Cancer1303 Words   |  6 Pagesmalignant neoplasm, the hallmark characteristic involves uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Under normal conditions cell grow, divide and die, but in cancer cells the defect takes place at the gene level leading to the formation of an abnormal DNA. As genes are the basic control machines of the cell, alteration of any kind may bring devastating consequences, or malignancy. Moreover, in normal cells damage of any kind is taken care by the repair system but in cancer cells , the repair function isRead MoreThe Importance Of Stem Cell Research805 Words   |  4 Pageshereditary altering. In stem cell research, â€Å" An isogenic human iPSC cell line precisely corrected by the CRISPR-Cas9 system was recently constructed, despite the handling difficulties associated with gene editing of human stem cells† (Kim, â€Å"CRISPR-Cas9: a promising tool for gene editing on induced pluripotent stem cells.†) iPSCs, which are fundamentally the same as embryonic stem cells, are pluripotent cells with a high self-reestablishment rate that can separate into all cell sorts; be that as itRead MoreThe Aging Process And Key Diseases Associated With Aging2223 Words   |  9 Pagesin the adoption of innovative treatments and declined risk for older adults. In order to better understand aging-associated diseases, it is first necessary to define what aging is. Aging is a complex, multifactorial process of harmful mutations in cells and tissues that are accumulated over time and result in an increased risk of disease and, eventually, death (Tosato, Zamboni, Ferrini, Cesari, 2007, p. 401). Contrary to the belief that aging can be cured through medical advances, it is scientificallyRead MoreInduction, Molecular Mechanisms And Consequences Of EMT1519 Words   |  7 Pagesthe activation of intracellular signaling cascades in the tumor cells. The stromal signals capable of inducing an EMT in epithelial cells include (a) several key signaling molecules such as TGF-s, Notch and Wnt, (b) activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), (c) matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), (d) hypoxia and (e) inflammatory signals (Polyak and Weinberg, 2009). Together with genetic and epigenetic alterations of the cancer cell genome, they can induce the expressi on of pleiotropically actingRead MoreThe Is The Uncontrolled Growth Of Blood Cancer New Zealand1609 Words   |  7 PagesLeukaemia is the uncontrolled growth of blood cells which occurs in the bone marrow (National Cancer Institute, 2013). Every day six New Zealanders are diagnosed with some form of blood cancer (Leukaemia and blood cancer New Zealand, 2015). It is believed that more than 10,000 people in New Zealand are affected by blood cancers such as, leukaemia, lymphoma or myeloma or related blood diseases (Leukaemia and blood cancer New Zealand, 2015).Leukaemia is believed to be ten times more common in adults

Karl Marx and Max Weber Different Views on Capitialism

Introduction of Karl Marx and Max Weber Theories Karl Marx and Max Weber speak about capitalism and social class. They both agree that modern methods of organization have tremendously increased the effectiveness and efficiency of production. However they both have different concept of theories. Karl Marx speaks about Alienation and Critique of Capitalism .Marx argued that this alienation of human work is precisely the defining feature of capitalism. He regards alienation as product of the evolution of division of labor, private property and the state: When these phenomena reach an advanced stage, as in capitalist society the individual experiences the entire objective world as a conglomerate of alien forces standing over and above them.†¦show more content†¦Marx understood this struggle between these two classes, he knew this soon would become unacceptable to workers and they would come to realization of the inequity in their society. Max Weber theory of class is that capitalist and the proletarian meet in a market and come into it in different ways as purchaser of labor power and as seller, as someone able to wait, not compelled to buy or sell merely to survive another day that’s the capitalist and as someone who must sell his services today or starve. Therefore Marx two classes, in Weber view are distinguished essentially by their relation to a market and precisely by their bargaining power. Bargaining power is matter of monopoly or lack of it. Weber then analyses class mainly in terms of â€Å"monopoly†. To Max Weber, writing in the early 1900s, Marx’s view was too simple –he agreed that different classes exist but he thought that â€Å"Status† or â€Å"Social Prestige† was the key factor in deciding which group each one of us belongs to. Where we live, our manner of speech, our schooling, our leisure habits, these and many other factors decide our social class. He thou ght that the way each person thinks about his/her â€Å"Life Chances†- if we feel that we can become a respected and highly valued member of the

The Opening Credits Of Persepolis - 1932 Words

The opening credits of Persepolis (2007) feature a flower moving across the screen, travelling through the different places depicted during the titles. This quite simple feature helps to introduce the audience to the main premise of the film - moving; mobility; change and growth. Marjane Satrapi’s film debut Persepolis (2007), made together with a fellow comic artist Vincent Paronnaud, is an autobiography based on Satrapi’s similarly titled graphic novel. This French-Iranian animated film deals with the subject of change, displacement and mobility. Persepolis documents the growth of Marji, an Iranian girl living amidst war and chaos, in a country battling for its identity – something Marji also has trouble with. Mid-film she moves to Vienna where she has trouble blending in to the culture and she cannot seem to fathom her national identity. The world around her is in constant movement and Marji has trouble trying to keep up. Marji’s transnational identity grants her an air of universal appeal and yet she herself is facing problems while trying to find a sense of belonging. In this essay I will look into the different forms of mobility and change depicted in the film. I will be taking a look at how Marji’s identity is constructed through her physical and metaphorical movement, and how growth and movement backwards and forwards are essential to the film. We are first introduced to the present-day Marjane Satrapi on an airport, where she is waiting around with otherShow MoreRelatedMary and Max9879 Words   |  40 Pageshad belonged to her mother, and, not knowing that she is pregnant, decides to take her own life. Just as Mary is about to kill herself, her neighbor Len knocks on her door, having conquered his agoraphobia to alert her of the package on her porch. Opening it, Mary finds Maxs reconciliation gift, along with an accompanying letter detailing the reasons why he forgives her, how much their friendship means to him, and his hope that one day their lives will intersect and they will meet in person. It is

Hrm Performance Appraisal Free Essays

Performance Appraisal Assignment Enclosure: Excel Sheet for Rough Work (In Mail) Submitted by: Group: 10 Kumar Gauraw (15) Ajay Gupta (37) Rajumoni Saikia(48) Tarakeswar Das(49) Question: How will you use Different methods to assess her performance? Answer: Graphic Rating Scale Graphic rating scales are one of the most common methods of performance appraisal. Graphic rating scales require an evaluator to indicate on a scale the degree to which an employee demonstrates a particular trait, behaviour, or performance result.Rating forms are composed of a number of scales, each relating to a certain job or performance-related dimension, such as job knowledge, responsibility, or quality of work. We will write a custom essay sample on Hrm Performance Appraisal or any similar topic only for you Order Now Graphic rating scales have a number of advantages: 1. Standardization of content permitting comparison of employees. 2. Ease of development use and relatively low development and usage cost. 3. Reasonably high rater and ratee acceptance. Disadvantages 1. They are susceptible to rating errors which result in inaccurate appraisals.Possible rating errors include halo effect, central tendency, severity, and leniency. 2. Restrictions on the range of possible rater responses. 3. Differences in the interpretations of the meanings of scale items and scale ranges by raters. 4. Poorly designed scales that encourage rater errors. CASE SOLUTION Following Graphic Rating Scale can be used to assess the performance of Ms. Prachi Jindal. [pic] [pic] Behaviour rating scale: Behaviourally anchored rating scales (BARS) are rating scales whose scale points are defined by statements of effective and ineffective behaviours.They are said to be behaviourally anchored in that the scales represent a continuum of descriptive statements of behaviours ranging from least to most effective. An evaluator must indicate which behaviour on each scale best describes an employee’s performance. BARS differ from other rating scales in that scale points are specifically defined behaviours. Also, BARS are constructed by the evaluators who will use them. There are four steps in the BARS construction process: 1.Listing of all the important dimensions of performance for a job or jobs   2. Collection of critical incidents of the effective and ineffective behaviour. 3. Classification of effective and ineffective behaviours to appropriate performance dimensions   4. Assignment of numerical values to each behaviour within each dimension (i. e. , scaling of behavioural anchors). †¢ COMMUNICATION [pic] She could be given Score of â€Å"6† because she handled and communicated well, as we don’t have information regarding her consistency so we can’t give score of â€Å"7†. INTERPERSONAL [pic] She could be given Score of â€Å"6† because of her good Interpersonal Skills, as we don’t have information regarding her consistency so we can’t give score of â€Å"7†. †¢ STRESS TOLERENCE [pic] She could be given Score of â€Å"6† because she handled the stressful situation well and in spite of verbal anger shown by the customer she maintained cool and calm and focused on the objective of resolving the issue, as we don’t have information regarding her consistency so we can’t give score of â€Å"7†.CRITICAL INCIDENT METHOD |Continuing Duties |Targets |Critical Incidents | |Attend Calls From Customer |95% of the callers should be satisfied after|She could made the customer happy while receiving | | |putting their problem in front of the |the calls | | |Customer Care Executive. | |Personal Traits while receiving calls |90% of the situations the Customer Care |She could manage to keep herself cool and cal m | | |Executive have to be cool and calm. |while talking to the Customer. | |Product knowledge |The Customer Care Executive should have the |She have shown a good knowledge about the product | | |knowledge of the product. as she was able to detect the problem. | |Identification of problems |95% of the situations the Customer Care |She could identify the problem with in a very | | |Executive should be able to find the |short time. | | |intricacy of the problem. | |Communication with the Manufacturer |95% of the situations the Customer Care |She was able to convey the problem to the | | |Executive should be able to convey the |Manufacturer in a much satisfying manner | | |problem to the Manufacturer. | |Prompt in taking action |90% of the situations the Customer Care |She was prompt in taking action for resolving the | | |Executive should be prompt in taking |issue | | |corrective action. | |Time taken to resolve the issue |95% of the situations the Customer Care |She was able to resolve the problem within 15 | | |Executive should resolve the problem in the |minutes of the call. | | |same day. | | The Critical incident collected could be of great help in performing her Performance Appraisal more accurately†. Question: – What help do you take from this case in making use of HR policy? alignment. Ans: – With the learning’s from this case following HR policies could be thought to for implementation. †¢ Recruitment ; Selection: Care should be taken to evaluate Candidate based on the behavioural ; overall factors before selecting. †¢ Behavioural Training: Behavioural Training must be imparted to all and periodically assessment. †¢ Product Knowledge: Training regarding technical ; overall product should be given from time to time about new ; exhausting product. †¢ Cross Cultural Training: Training to adapt, understand ; perform in multicultural environment should be imparted. [pic][pic][pic] How to cite Hrm Performance Appraisal, Papers

Burden of Overweight and Obesity †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Burden of Overweight and Obesity. Answer: Introduction Levett-Jones Clinical Reasoning Cycle is a process that reflects the importance of personalization and prioritization of patients needs. This reasoning cycle is used to structure clinical care by healthcare professionals (Herdman, 2011). This clinical reasoning cycle helps to deliver patient-centered nursing care based on the critical thinking, clinical analysis, clinical reasoning and reflective practice performed by professional healthcare nurse (Alfaro-LeFevre, 2012). This essay is one such patient-centered nursing care structure developed by using Levett-Jones Clinical Reasoning Cycle. The study involves identification of two care priorities and managing care process by a primary health care nurse for the provided case study, which is performed by implementing reasoning cycle steps. In the present case study, patient name Peter Mitchell is a middle aged male (52 Years) admitted to the medical ward as per reference from his General Physician. He was facing symptoms of shakiness, increased hunger, high blood glucose, diaphoresis and breathing difficulties while sleeping. As he is a sufferer of type-2 diabetes and obesity, these symptoms highlight high alert of these two conditions. Peter is already overweight, diabetic suffering depression. Peter is a serious smoker from age of 30years, smoking 20 cigarettes per day. Adding on to this situation, Peter suffers other critical situations as well, that involves hypertension; sleep apnoea and gastro oesophageal reflux. Peter is taking proper medication for his health issues but still, he is facing these critical and life-threatening symptoms due to mismanaged lifestyle habits. Collecting cues and information about the case As per case information Mr. Peter on his previous admission to medical ward dietician recommended him to lose weight. However, Peter had no interest to make any effort related to his weight resulting in present critical condition. Further, he was also commenced with light exercises by the physiotherapist and was advised to continue them at home. But the increased weight and BMI show his carelessness towards his physical condition. He is 145kgs with BMI 50.2m2 (very high) and height 170cms. His last observed blood pressure is 180/92mmHg (high), respiratory rate 23Bpm (high), heart rate 102bpm (little high) and SpO2 (peripheral capillary oxygen saturation) is 95% (normal). Peter is on current medication involving insulin metformin for diabetes, Lisinopril for hypertension, Nexium for reflux, metoprolol for high blood pressure and Pregabalin (Lyrica) for neuropathic pain in diabetes. Further, Peter is unemployed and struggling to get work reason being his weight issues. He is divorced, living alone, socially isolated, living without any family attention and care. Peter also faces difficulty to perform daily living activities. The present admission of Mr. Peter Mitchell to the medical ward was due to poorly controlled diabetes, obesity ventilation syndrome and sleep apnoea. Peter was detected with the symptom of high blood glucose level instead of the fact that his medication involves Insulin (34units mane 28units nocte). Audetat et al. (2013) indicated that if a patient confronts high blood glucose levels despite the fact that insulin is included in medication process indicates mismanagement in medication (insulin) process. According to Selvin et al. (2014) studies improper intake of insulin leading to high blood glucose level also persists symptom of increased hunger. This confirms that high blood glucose level is leading to increased hunger symptom in Peters case and he is mismanaging his medication process. Further, shaking and diaphoresis is due to obesity ventilation syndrome. Cunningham, Kramer Narayan (2014) indicated that obesity ventilation syndrome leads to sleep apnoea identified by difficulty breathing while asleep interrupted sleep and daytime sleepiness. In the present case, Peter is facing cessation of breathing while asleep confirms presence sleep apnoea due to obesity syndrome. In the present case of Mr. Peter Mitchell, three identified critical diseases that are type-2 diabetes, obesity ventilation syndrome and sleep apnoea are either directly or indirectly linked to each other. Olsson et al. (2013) indicated that mismanagement in the lifestyle of diabetic patient leads to deposition of fat in the body that lead to a highly obese body as a major defect. Audetat et al. (2013) studied that if the blood glucose level of diabetic people remains abnormally high this then leads to the stoppage of blood glucose entering body cells. Therefore, the body becomes incapable to convert food to energy leading increased hunger and increase in obesity. Further, American Diabetes Association (2015) paper highlights that high blood sugar leads to deposition in form of fat in the body. Further, Cunningham, Kramer Narayan (2014) studied that deposition of adipose tissue in the state of obesity restrict the normal movement of chest muscles and diaphragm creating difficulty in breathing by respiratory muscles. Hence, obese people find it difficult to breathe creating obesity ventilation syndrome that causes shortness of breathing while asleep which is a major symptom of sleep apnoea. As per present case study data, Mr. Peter Mitchell is a seriously heading towards a critical stage of diabetes and obesity only at middle age period of life. He certainly needs a proper care plan to get a control over this critical health issues basically lifestyle modification because symptoms like shortness of breathe, high BPL level and diaphoresis are really dangerous and abnormal conditions. All the information provided in the case study is relevant and shows some link to understand the critical state of Peters health. However, not much attention is made on the impact of other health issues like hypertension, reflux and depression on the health of Peter considering it as a gap in case information. As per nursing professional knowledge, mental health issue like depression can be considered as a major cause of the lifestyle mismanagement in Mr. Peters life. His careless attitude towards his health (obesity), social isolation, joblessness and unwillingness to improve his health can be considered as outcomes of mental disturbance (depression) (Herdman, 2011). As per the study conducted of case data till now it is clear that nursing care goals should completely be based on managing the lifestyle habits and controlling obesity in case of Peter. This lifestyle management will also involve objective to manage the critical situation of diabetes harnessing his health. The present case of Mr. Peter Mitchell suffering critical obesity and diabetes is a common phenomenon. It is a common disease for which care providers carry a good experience to handle these situations because the control over these issues mainly depends on the lifestyle, eating, activities and mental strength of the patient (Doenges, Moorhouse Murr, 2014). The condition of Mr. Peter Mitchell is really critical as the body weight is 145Kg with BMI above 50. It is tough to manage his obesity issues yet proper goal setting could help to get a control over critical symptoms leading to medical emergencies. Identification problems/issues The two major care priorities in case of Mr. Mitchell are his overweight condition and uncontrolled diabetes type 2. Peter is not even ready to pay any concentration or control his growing complication related to obesity and diabetes (Moorhead et al. 2014). The two care priority issues are obesity and mismanagement of diabetes in Mr. Peters care. The nursing goals are: - Decreasing body weight by 10% within 6months of therapy (1/2 lb/week) Establishing and practising appropriate lifestyle behaviour change for controlling diabetes For the fulfilment of nursing goal regarding weight loss of 10% in 6 months involves certain specific interventions. Yang Zhang (2014) studied some specific nursing actions that provide effective weight loss which is considered best for Peters case as well. Implement rewarding and reinforcing short-term goals for patient followed by negotiations regarding patients aspects of diet that require modifications. Balance the dairy and animal protein intake in the diet as well as provide diet as per measurements. Advise and encourage water intake as well as long-term exercise programs like walking that is best for a diabetic patient (Stellefson, Dipnarine Stopka, 2013). Further, keep a proper monitoring of patient weekly weight changes and modify diet as per requirement. Lastly, educate the patient about healthy eating habits like short meals 5-6times/day, high intake of fibre, regular exercise, relaxation techniques and maximised water intake. As per provider case study data of Peter, the best lifestyle behaviour change in his case involves practices to quit smoking, practising relaxation, social liberation and replacing the unhealthy behaviour with substitutes (Cygan et al. 2014). According to Thom et al. (2013) studies self-rewarding, communication with the patient, motivational counselling and interviewing ate some of the best processes to implement lifestyle changes. Lastly, providing education regarding diabetes and its control can also help Peter to overcome his issues related to depression (Doenges, Moorhouse Murr, 2014). Evaluate Outcomes The evaluation process will involve determining the weight change and achievement of determined weight loss goal by detecting weight after 6 months of therapy. Further, lifestyle behaviour change can be evaluated by determining the control over health issue diabetes and obesity. Lastly, mental status examination (MSE) can be performed to evaluate the mental strength after the nursing process (Kalyani, Corriere Ferrucci, 2014). The clinical reasoning cycle process can be considered as most systematic, manageable and comfortable approach to deal with any clinical scenario in nursing professional practice. As a professional, implementing such process to resolve an issue or case can benefit to gather smart, workable and manageable outcomes. Using clinical reasoning cycle made its easy to deal with this complicated health management case. Conclusion A proper nursing plan to manage the case study patient Mr. Peter Mitchell was developed using clinical reasoning cycle. This involved analysis of patient situation followed by collection and processing information to detect health priority issues. Further, establishing nursing goals and taking actions to achieve these goals handled these health priority issues. Lastly, the process to evaluate care outcomes is also provided in the study to further establish better processes for effective care. References Alfaro-LeFevre, R. (2012).Applying nursing process: the foundation for clinical reasoning. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. American Diabetes Association. (2015). Standards of medical care in diabetes2015 abridged for primary care providers.Clinical diabetes: a publication of the American Diabetes Association,33(2), 97. Audetat, M. C., Laurin, S., Sanche, G., Bque, C., Fon, N. C., Blais, J. G., Charlin, B. (2013). Clinical reasoning difficulties: a taxonomy for clinical teachers.Medical teacher,35(3), e984-e989. Cunningham, S. A., Kramer, M. R., Narayan, K. V. (2014). Incidence of childhood obesity in the United States.New England Journal of Medicine,370(5), 403-411. Cygan, H. R., Baldwin, K., Chehab, L. G., Rodriguez, N. A., Zenk, S. N. (2014). Six to success: improving primary care management of pediatric overweight and obesity.Journal of Pediatric Health Care,28(5), 429-437. Doenges, M. E., Moorhouse, M. F., Murr, A. C. (2014).Nursing care plans: guidelines for individualizing client care across the life span. FA Davis. Herdman, T. H. (Ed.). (2011).Nursing diagnoses 2012-14: definitions and classification. John Wiley Sons. Kalyani, R. R., Corriere, M., Ferrucci, L. (2014). Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases.The lancet Diabetes endocrinology,2(10), 819-829. Moorhead, S., Johnson, M., Maas, M. L., Swanson, E. (2014).Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC)-E-Book: Measurement of Health Outcomes. Elsevier Health Sciences. Olsson, L. E., Jakobsson Ung, E., Swedberg, K., Ekman, I. (2013). Efficacy of person?centred care as an intervention in controlled trialsa systematic review.Journal of clinical nursing,22(3-4), 456-465. Selvin, E., Parrinello, C. M., Sacks, D. B., Coresh, J. (2014). Trends in prevalence and control of diabetes in the United States, 19881994 and 19992010.Annals of internal medicine,160(8), 517-525. Stellefson, M., Dipnarine, K., Stopka, C. (2013). Peer reviewed: The chronic care model and diabetes management in US primary care settings: A systematic review.Preventing chronic disease,10. Thom, D. H., Ghorob, A., Hessler, D., De Vore, D., Chen, E., Bodenheimer, T. A. (2013). Impact of peer health coaching on glycemic control in low-income patients with diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.The Annals of Family Medicine,11(2), 137-144. Yang, Z., Zhang, N. (2014). The burden of overweight and obesity on long-term care and Medicaid financing.Medical care,52(7), 658-663.